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Medical professional looking at chestx-rays: What causes pain under the left rib cage
Health Education

What causes pain under the left rib cage?

Injury, infection, or GI problems can cause pain on the left side under the rib cage
Gerardo Sison medical writer headshot
By | Oct. 31, 2023
In this article:

Pain under the left rib cage area can be concerning, as it may indicate a problem with the organs or other structures in that area. The left rib cage houses vital organs such as the heart, spleen, left lung, and part of the stomach, all of which are necessary for the body to function. Pain on the left side under the rib cage can range from mild to severe, and it may also come with other symptoms that could indicate more clearly what is going on. 

You might be experiencing pain around your chest or abdominal area for several reasons. For example, the pain may be caused by costochondritis, an inflammation of the cartilage connecting the ribs to the breastbone, or more serious issues like an enlarged spleen or pancreatitis. Whatever the cause, it can be a good idea to be aware of the potential causes and symptoms to seek the right course of action if necessary. In some cases, it may be necessary to seek immediate medical attention. 

Continue reading to learn more about possible causes of pain under the left rib cage and what to do about it.

Key takeaways:

  • Pain under the left rib cage is a sign or symptom that may be caused by various conditions, such as injury, infection, or gastrointestinal problems.
  • Pain under the left rib cage may require immediate medical attention, depending on the cause. If the pain is particularly severe and does not go away, seek medical attention immediately. 
  • In some cases, such as a mild injury or indigestion, extensive treatment may not be necessary. However, treatment may last months or longer in severe cases, such as a heart attack or broken ribs.
  • Treatment of pain under the left rib cage varies by cause. For example, for costochondritis, anti-inflammatory medication and rest might be recommended. If the pain is caused by digestive problems like irritable bowel syndrome, dietary changes, and stress management may help.
  • Mild pain under the left rib cage caused by bruising or inflammation may be managed with natural remedies such as gentle stretching, ice or heat packs, or over-the-counter pain relievers.
  • You may be able to save on prescriptions for pain under the left rib cage treatments, such Naprosyn (naproxen) or Advil (ibuprofen), with a SingleCare prescription discount card. 

What causes pain under the left rib cage?

Various health problems can cause pain under the left rib cage. Some common causes of pain on the left side under the rib cage include injuries, inflammation, and issues related to the organs in the surrounding area. Here are potential explanations for this type of pain:

Injuries 

Injuries such as broken ribs, muscle strains, or other types of damage to the rib cage can lead to pain in the region. These injuries can be caused by physical trauma or excessive strain from activities like sports or heavy lifting. In addition, bruising of the ribs, which can occur due to a forceful impact or repeated pressure, can also result in discomfort and tenderness in the rib area.

Inflammation 

There are several conditions that cause inflammation and can lead to pain under the left rib cage. These conditions might include:

  • Costochondritis: inflammation of the cartilage connecting the ribs to the sternum, which may be associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Pleurisy: inflammation of the lining of the lungs, which may be caused by infections, blood clots in the lungs, cancer, and cystic fibrosis, among other conditions.
  • Pericarditis: inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart.

Spleen issues 

Problems with the spleen, such as an enlarged spleen or spleen injuries, may cause left rib cage pain. An enlarged spleen can result from various causes:

  • Viral infections: Certain viruses like mononucleosis can lead to enlargement of the spleen.
  • Liver diseases: Conditions such as cirrhosis can cause an enlarged spleen due to increased blood pressure in the liver’s blood vessels.
  • Blood disorders: Diseases like leukemia and lymphoma might cause spleen enlargement.
  • Metabolic disorders: Conditions such as Niemann-Pick disease and Gaucher’s disease can lead to an enlarged spleen.
  • Parasitic infections: Parasites like malaria can cause the spleen to enlarge.

A ruptured spleen, a serious condition requiring immediate medical attention, can also cause severe pain under the left rib cage.

Digestive conditions 

Digestive issues can lead to discomfort under the left rib cage. For example, conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may cause this type of pain. IBS and IBD are chronic disorders that affect the digestive tract and can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea, and constipation. Other digestive problems that may cause pain on the left side under the rib cage include:

  • Gastritis, or inflammation of the lining of the stomach
  • Pancreatitis, or inflammation in the pancreas
  • Peptic ulcer, or a sore that develops on the lining of the stomach, upper small intestine, or esophagus
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or a chronic condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus

Kidney problems 

Problems with the kidneys, such as kidney stones or infections in the left kidney, may be responsible for pain in this area. The pain from kidney stones can be sharp and unbearable. A kidney infection, on the other hand, may cause a dull, persistent ache.

Heart problems

Heart-related issues can also lead to discomfort under the left rib cage. Various conditions related to the heart might include:

  • Angina: This chest pain occurs when your heart muscle doesn’t get enough blood and can feel like pressure or squeezing in the chest.
  • Myocardial infarction (heart attack): The symptoms of a heart attack can include jaw pain, stomach pain, sweating, nausea, pain, fullness, or a squeezing sensation in the chest.
  • Pericarditis: This condition is an inflammation of the sac-like covering around the heart (pericardium), causing sharp, stabbing chest pain.
  • Heart valve disease: Symptoms depend on which valve is affected and might include fatigue, shortness of breath, irregular heartbeat, swollen feet or ankles, and chest pain.

Lung conditions

Issues with the lungs can also result in pain under the left rib cage. These might include:

  • Pneumonia: This infection that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs can cause cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing.
  • Pleurisy: An inflammation of the lining around the lungs. This can cause a sharp chest pain that worsens during breathing.
  • Pneumothorax: Also known as a collapsed lung, this condition can cause sudden, sharp, stabbing pain on one side of the chest.
  • Lung cancer: While not always the case, some people with lung cancer could experience chest pain.

Consult a medical professional who can properly identify the potential causes of pain under the left rib cage and recommend treatment for any underlying conditions.

When should I worry about pain under my left rib cage?

Although it may not always be a cause for concern, pain under the left rib cage could indicate a more serious condition. If the pain is minor and goes away within a couple of days, then the pain usually isn’t a serious problem. In addition, if the pain doesn’t occur with other symptoms and is limited to the local area, then there may not be any cause for concern.

However, if the pain is severe and accompanied by other symptoms, like shortness of breath or pain radiating to the arm or jaw, it may be necessary to seek immediate medical attention. It can also be a good idea to consult a healthcare provider if the pain persists or worsens. A primary care physician may be able to address most concerns and provide referrals to specialists if necessary. 

How is the cause of pain under the left rib cage diagnosed?

If you’re experiencing pain under the left rib cage that concerns you, it’s best to consult a healthcare provider who can determine the cause and make a diagnosis. A healthcare provider will typically begin the diagnostic process with a physical examination, during which they may assess your symptoms and ask about your medical history. 

Some questions a doctor may ask to diagnose pain under the left rib cage may include:

  • When did the pain begin?
  • How severe is the pain?
  • What is the nature of the pain (sharp, dull, constant, or intermittent)?
  • Are there any other accompanying symptoms?
  • Have you had any recent injuries or illnesses?

Based on your symptoms and responses, the healthcare provider may order further tests to help identify the cause of the pain. These tests might include:

  • Blood tests: These can help detect issues such as infections or inflammation by examining white and red blood cell levels.
  • X-rays: This imaging technique can reveal abnormalities in the rib cage, such as fractures or dislocations.
  • CT scans: A CT scan provides a more detailed view of the internal organs, making it easier to detect problems such as enlarged organs or tumors.
  • Endoscopy: This procedure allows doctors to view the inside of the body through a flexible tube with a light and camera attached. 
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG): An ECG measures the electrical activity of the heart to help identify any heart rhythm problems. It can also help detect signs of heart disease or a previous or ongoing heart attack.

The final diagnosis may vary depending on your specific symptoms and the doctor’s preliminary findings. With a thorough examination and appropriate tests, healthcare providers can accurately determine the cause and recommend treatment options.

How long does pain under the left rib cage last?

The duration of pain under the left rib cage can vary, depending on the cause and severity of the problem. Intense pain, often caused by injuries or infections, may last for a short period and gradually subside with the appropriate treatment. For instance, pain caused by costochondritis tends to improve within a few days to weeks, although it may last up to several months in some cases.

On the other hand, chronic pain under the left rib cage, which is often associated with underlying conditions like chronic pancreatitis or IBS/IBD, can persist for a longer period. The pain may come and go or remain constant until the underlying condition is properly managed. Treatment for chronic pain under the left rib cage may include a combination of medication, lifestyle adjustments, and, in some cases, surgery.

How to stop pain under the left rib cage

The treatment for pain under the left rib cage will depend on the underlying cause of the discomfort. In some cases, the pain may resolve on its own without any specific treatment. However, appropriate treatment and medical attention may be necessary if the pain is persistent or severe.

Medication options for pain under the left rib cage may include:

  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): These include ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin. They are typically used for inflammatory conditions that could cause rib cage pain, such as costochondritis or musculoskeletal pain.
  • Antacids or proton pump inhibitors: Medications like ranitidine, lansoprazole, or omeprazole can be used to treat conditions like gastritis, GERD, or peptic ulcer disease, which can cause pain in this area.
  • Antibiotics: If the pain is due to an infection such as pneumonia or a gastrointestinal infection, antibiotics may be prescribed based on the type of infection.
  • Cardiac medications: If the cause is heart-related, medications like nitroglycerin or beta-blockers may be used. Other treatments could involve statins or antiplatelet drugs.
  • Corticosteroids: These can reduce inflammation and may be prescribed for inflammatory conditions like costochondritis or pericarditis.
  • Muscle relaxants: These may help if the pain is due to muscle spasms or tension.

Over-the-counter pain relievers are often recommended to relieve mild pain, while a prescription treatment plan might be necessary for more severe cases or specific medical conditions. For situations involving the musculoskeletal system, physical therapy or exercises could help relieve the discomfort in addition to medication.

Living with pain under the left rib cage 

Living with pain under the left rib cage can be challenging, especially if it’s a result of a chronic condition. In addition to medication or other treatments prescribed by a healthcare provider, lifestyle changes may be an effective way to manage pain under the left rib cage. These lifestyle changes may include:

  • Eating a balanced diet: Consuming plenty of fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains can promote overall health. If you have chronic inflammation, an anti-inflammatory diet of foods high in omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and fiber may help manage the symptoms. 
  • Limiting alcohol and caffeine: These substances may worsen pain in some individuals. They can also disrupt sleep patterns, which might worsen feelings of discomfort and pain.
  • Practicing stress management: Activities such as yoga, meditation, or controlled breathing may help manage pain by reducing stress levels.
  • Avoiding heavy lifting: This can put unnecessary strain on your rib cage and potentially worsen pain. You may consider low-impact activities like walking or swimming instead. 
  • Sleeping in a comfortable position: Choosing a sleep position that doesn’t put pressure on your left side may help reduce discomfort at night.

There is no one-size-fits-all solution for pain under the left rib cage. Always consult a healthcare professional for a comprehensive treatment plan to help treat the underlying cause of pain.

Most importantly, see a doctor for persistent or severe left rib cage pain

A healthcare provider can thoroughly evaluate the pain, provide a proper diagnosis, and recommend appropriate treatment options. Healthcare providers that may specialize in conditions that could cause pain under the left rib cage may include:

  • Gastroenterologists
  • Pulmonologists
  • Cardiologists
  • Hematologists
  • Rheumatologists

Severe pain under the left rib cage could indicate a medical emergency and warrant immediate medical attention. You should monitor and report any additional symptoms to your healthcare provider, such as difficulty breathing, fever, or chest discomfort.