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Key takeaways
Naltrexone, typically used to treat opioid and alcohol use disorders, has shown promise as a weight loss treatment in conjunction with lifestyle changes when prescribed in lower doses or with other drugs.
In clinical studies, the combination of naltrexone and bupropion, known as Contrave, resulted in significant weight loss over 52 to 56 weeks compared to a placebo with minimal side effects.
Naltrexone may work for weight loss by affecting brain areas that regulate appetite and metabolism. It potentially reduces the desire to overeat and impacts hormones like ghrelin and leptin.
Suitable candidates for naltrexone for weight loss include individuals who are overweight or obese, not physically dependent on opioids and have not succeeded in losing weight through diet and exercise alone.
Naltrexone is a prescription medication usually prescribed to treat people with an addiction to opioids or alcohol. It works as an opioid antagonist that blocks the effects of opioids in the brain. More specifically, it binds directly to opioid receptors and prevents the euphoric effects of opioids. As a result, naltrexone can be used to help reduce opioid cravings. In addition, it can help reduce the pleasurable effects of alcohol in people with alcohol use disorder.
Although naltrexone is primarily used to treat alcohol and opioid use disorder, it has other uses. Naltrexone may be prescribed in lower doses or with other drugs for weight loss. Clinical studies have shown promising results for using naltrexone as a weight-loss treatment option, and a healthcare provider may prescribe naltrexone along with other medications or treatments as part of a weight management program.
In this article, we’ll delve into the use of naltrexone for weight loss, discussing how it works, its potential benefits and risks, and current research on its effectiveness. Whether you’re looking for a new approach to weight loss or simply curious about this emerging treatment option, read on to learn more.
Does naltrexone cause weight loss?
Obesity is a common health problem in the United States, affecting around 40% of adults. It can be a costly medical condition that can lead to other health problems, including diabetes, heart disease, heart attacks, and stroke. While lifestyle changes like diet and exercise can help treat obesity, medications may also be needed.
Naltrexone is an effective treatment that can aid in weight loss. However, it’s typically prescribed with the antidepressant bupropion as a combination pill called Contrave. In addition to medication, an appropriate dietary plan and exercise program are recommended to manage weight.
One analysis of various studies evaluating the use of naltrexone and bupropion for weight management showed positive results. Overweight or obese patients who took Contrave (naltrexone and bupropion) over 52 to 56 weeks lost over 5% to 10% of their baseline body weight or more.
Another systematic review assessed over 10 clinical trials that investigated the use of naltrexone and bupropion for weight loss. The use of naltrexone and bupropion was linked to significant weight loss compared to placebo. The studies also found that treatment with naltrexone and bupropion caused few side effects and was well-tolerated during long-term use.
It’s important to note that the degree of weight loss with naltrexone can vary. For many people, it could take several months to start seeing benefits for weight loss.
How does naltrexone work for weight loss?
The exact way in which naltrexone works to promote weight loss is not entirely understood. However, it is believed to affect the areas of the brain involved with regulating appetite. In combination with bupropion, it may help block the rewarding effects of food, which can be useful in individuals prone to emotional eating. Low-dose naltrexone may also decrease insulin resistance, which is strongly linked to weight gain.
Naltrexone works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain, which can decrease the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in feelings of pleasure, reward, and motivation. It is thought that by decreasing the release of dopamine, naltrexone may reduce the desire to overeat.
Naltrexone may also affect the release of certain hormones that play a role in appetite and metabolism, such as ghrelin and leptin. Ghrelin stimulates appetite and promotes weight gain, while leptin suppresses appetite and promotes weight loss. Ghrelin and leptin work together to regulate metabolism and appetite. Taking naltrexone may reduce a person’s appetite and lead to reduced food intake.
In addition, naltrexone may have effects on growth hormone. One study found that naltrexone increased the growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone in obese patients. Naltrexone may be an effective prescription drug for people who experience obesity due to problems with growth hormone levels.
Who can take naltrexone for weight loss?
Naltrexone may be considered as a treatment option for people who are overweight or obese. However, medications like naltrexone are usually only recommended for people who have not been able to achieve weight loss through diet and exercise alone.
Naltrexone may be particularly useful for people who have a history of addiction to opioids or alcohol, as it may reduce cravings and the risk of relapse.
Treatment with naltrexone should only be started in people who are not physically dependent on opioids. An individual who has not undergone opioid detoxification before starting naltrexone is not a good candidate for treatment. Taking naltrexone may lead to opioid withdrawal symptoms.
Additionally, people who have liver disease or are pregnant or breastfeeding should not use naltrexone. The use of naltrexone has been reported to cause liver disease. It’s important to seek medical help if signs or symptoms of liver disease arise, such as yellowing of the skin and eyes, chronic fatigue, and upper abdominal pain.
The dosage of naltrexone for weight loss can vary. Before taking naltrexone for weight loss or any other indication, it is important to talk to a healthcare professional to determine whether it is appropriate for you and if it can be used safely alongside other medications you may be taking.
Naltrexone dosage for weight loss |
|
| Dosage | Average weight loss |
| 50 mg per day | 2-4 lbs per month |
| 50 mg twice per day | 4-8 lbs per month |
| 100 mg per day | 4-8 lbs per month |
The degree of weight loss with naltrexone use can vary depending on the individual, the dosage, and the duration of treatment. For example, the recommended dosage of naltrexone may be higher for individuals who have a higher body mass index (BMI), as they may need a higher dosage to achieve their weight loss goal. Some individuals may prefer a low dose of naltrexone due to side effects.
The naltrexone dosage for weight loss can also depend on an individual’s medical history. It’s important to consult a doctor or healthcare provider and tell them about other medical conditions or other medications being taken before starting treatment with naltrexone.
Side effects of naltrexone
Naltrexone is generally considered to be a safe and well-tolerated drug. Side effects may range in severity from mild to serious. However, in people taking naltrexone for weight loss, side effects are usually mild and temporary. Some people may not experience any side effects at all.
Examples of common side effects of naltrexone include:
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Anxiety
- Insomnia
- Fatigue
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Chills
- Muscle pain
Serious side effects of naltrexone are possible. These side effects may include depression, an increased risk of suicidal thoughts, allergic reactions, and liver damage. It’s important to seek medical help if serious adverse events occur while taking naltrexone.
Side effects can often be avoided by taking naltrexone as prescribed by a healthcare provider. Consult a healthcare provider if side effects persist or worsen.
How to maximize naltrexone benefits
Maximizing the benefits of naltrexone for weight loss involves healthy lifestyle changes and consistent habits. A combination of lifestyle changes is often necessary to maintain weight loss during and after treatment with naltrexone. Living a healthy lifestyle can help prevent weight-related complications and prevent weight gain after successful weight-loss treatment.
Taking naltrexone correctly
For the best results, it’s vital to take naltrexone tablets correctly as prescribed. Follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider and the medication’s label for the best way to take naltrexone. Do not discontinue or change the daily dose without consulting your healthcare provider. Taking the medication at the same time every day can also help maximize its benefits.
Lifestyle changes
Eating a healthy, reduced-calorie diet and increasing physical activity are healthy habits that can promote weight loss. For example, eating a diet high in fruits, vegetables, lean protein, and whole grains may help you lose weight and improve your overall health. Regular exercise can help burn calories and reduce stress. Aim to get at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise most days of the week.
Tracking progress
An effective chronic weight management plan often includes tracking progress with your weight. This may include periodically measuring waist circumference and calculating your body mass index (BMI) over time. A healthcare professional can help you with monitoring progress.
Joining a support group
A support group can help keep you motivated and focused. Members of the group may share similar experiences and challenges that can serve as encouragement and advice. Knowing you’re not alone in your journey can be helpful for tackling weight loss goals. Check for support groups online or through local listings.
Working with a healthcare professional
It is essential to work with a healthcare professional who can help manage a chronic weight management plan. They can also tailor the dosage and treatment to fit your needs and goals. If you experience side effects, a healthcare professional can guide you on the best course of action.
Bottom line
Obesity can affect different aspects of health, including mood, insulin resistance, and thyroid function. It can also increase the risk of significant health problems, including cardiovascular disease, chronic inflammation, sleep apnea, high blood pressure, and depression. Healthcare professionals may recommend lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet and regular exercise, along with a combination medication like naltrexone and bupropion to promote weight loss.