Key takeaways
IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) and IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome) are distinct conditions, with IBD involving immune system-triggered inflammation and IBS being a functional gastrointestinal disorder linked to brain-gut disturbance.
IBD affects about 1.3% of U.S. adults with symptoms including diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss, whereas IBS is more common, affecting 10% to 15% of U.S. adults, with symptoms like abdominal cramping and bloating.
Diagnosis of IBD involves tests like blood samples and colonoscopies to detect inflammation, while IBS diagnosis is more challenging, relying on medical history and ruling out other conditions as there are no definitive tests for it.
Treatment for IBD focuses on reducing inflammation through medication and sometimes surgery, while IBS management primarily involves relieving symptoms through dietary changes, medications, and lifestyle adjustments.
IBD vs. IBS causes | Prevalence | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatments | Risk factors | Prevention | When to see a doctor | FAQs | Resources
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are two different digestive health problems that people often mix up. IBD is a disease that causes the digestive system to become inflamed. IBS is a functional disorder that causes specific gastrointestinal symptoms. Knowing the difference between the two is essential to diagnosis and treatment. Let’s take a more in-depth look at the difference between IBS vs. IBD.
Causes
IBD
Multiple inflammatory conditions of the digestive system fall under the category of “inflammatory bowel disease.” The most common types of IBD are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The exact cause of IBD isn’t known, but doctors and researchers believe that it may be triggered when the immune system perceives food, bacteria, and substances in the intestinal tract as a threat. In response to these “threats,” the immune system causes inflammation.
IBS
Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects the large intestine, small intestine, and colon. Researchers believe that the cause of IBS is a disturbance between the brain and the gut. People with IBS might have colon muscles that don’t function the way they should, and the nerves that control the muscles of their gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) may be unusually active. Stress, certain foods, certain medications, and hormonal changes can trigger IBS symptoms.
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Prevalence
IBD
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), inflammatory bowel disease affects around 1.3% of adults in the United States. Research by Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation of America says that there are as many as 70,000 new IBD cases every year and that there may be as many as 80,000 children in the U.S. living with the disease. Most people are diagnosed with the disease between the ages of 15 and 35.
IBS
Irritable bowel syndrome is a very common condition that affects at least 10% to 15% of adults in America. It’s the most commonly diagnosed disorder by gastroenterologists and one of the most common disorders in the U.S. Globally, IBS affects about 11% of the population, but only 30% of people who experience symptoms will seek medical attention for them. Women are more likely to get IBS than men are.
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Symptoms
IBD
Inflammatory bowel disease can cause mild to severe symptoms that will vary based on the severity of inflammation and where it occurs. Diarrhea, abdominal pain and cramping, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, joint pain, and rectal bleeding are the most common symptoms of IBD.
IBS
The symptoms of IBS may come and go, and they often last for weeks or months at a time. IBS and IBD have similar symptoms, such as pain and cramping in the abdominal area, as well as urgent bowel movements, bloating, and gas.
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RELATED: 20 home remedies for constipation
Diagnosis
IBD
Several tests may be used to determine whether someone has IBD. Blood tests can detect inflammation, anemia, or infections. Stool samples can reveal hidden parasites or other signs of inflammation that may mimic IBD. Additionally, procedures like colonoscopies and endoscopies allow physicians to check the intestines for chronic inflammation, bleeding, or ulcers. Sometimes X-rays or MRIs may be needed to rule out serious complications such as a perforated colon or rectum.
IBS
Diagnosing IBS can be difficult. Doctors will need to do a complete physical exam and ask patients for their medical history. There are no tests that can diagnose IBS, but some medical tests can help rule out other conditions. For example, a blood test can rule out Celiac disease and lactose intolerance. Stool samples may be used to look for bacteria or parasites. Sometimes doctors will do a colonoscopy to check for abnormal growths or inflamed tissue.
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Treatments
IBD
IBD treatment is largely focused on reducing pain and inflammation to improve the quality of life for people with the condition. Medications like pain relievers, biologics, and corticosteroids can help reduce inflammation. Sometimes eating habits may need to be changed to avoid certain foods, including alcohol. For some people, surgery may be required to remove damaged portions of the digestive tract.
IBS
Treatment for IBS focuses on relieving uncomfortable symptoms. Many doctors will prescribe medications like Lotronex to relax the colon or Amitiza to increase fluid secretion in the small intestine. Anti-diarrheal medications or fiber supplements can also ease specific symptoms. Lifestyle changes can help reduce inflammation that triggers IBS. Eliminating problem foods, staying hydrated, reducing stress, and avoiding large meals are all examples of lifestyle changes that people with IBS may need to make.
RELATED: Amitiza vs. Linzess
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RELATED: How to safely manage IBS symptoms during pregnancy
Risk factors
IBD
Some people have a higher risk of getting IBD than others. Here are the top risk factors of IBD:
- Smoking
- Family history of IBD
- Living in an urban area or industrialized country
- Age younger than 35
IBS
The following groups of people have an increased risk of getting IBS:
- Those with a family history of IBS
- Women
- Those with mental health conditions
- People who are younger than 50
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Prevention
IBD
Nothing has been proven to be able to prevent IBD, but lifestyle changes can reduce the severity of flare-ups and potentially extend the amount of time between flare-ups. Drinking enough water, eating a wholesome diet, consuming more omega-3 fatty acids, and avoiding triggering foods may be important things to consider if you’re at risk of getting IBD or if you already have it.
IBS
IBS can’t be prevented, according to the University of Michigan, but certain things can help ease symptoms and extend the amount of time between flare-ups. Avoiding foods that make symptoms worse, getting regular exercise, and quitting smoking are at the top of the list of preventative measures. One study from the University of Gothenburg has shown that physical activity improves symptoms and is protective against symptom deterioration.
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When to see a doctor for IBD or IBS
People with IBD or IBS will be used to experiencing certain amounts of pain on a regular basis. It’s always a good idea to know when it’s okay to treat your symptoms at home and when it’s time to see a healthcare professional.
If you have IBD and are having severe abdominal pain that’s accompanied by vomiting or excessive bloating, you should contact your healthcare provider as soon as possible.
If you have IBS and start to experience rectal bleeding, fevers, vomiting, or unexplained weight loss, you should seek medical advice as soon as you can.
Frequently asked questions about IBD and IBS
Can you have IBD and IBS at the same time?
Even though IBD and IBS are two different conditions, it’s possible to have them both at the same time. While most people will have one or the other, the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation of America says that about 20% of people with IBD can have concurrent IBS symptoms.
Will surgery cure my IBD?
Surgery won’t cure IBD, but it can help relieve chronic symptoms. Removing 97% of the colon can drastically reduce symptoms for people with ulcerative colitis, according to the University of Michigan.
Can children get IBD or IBS?
Children can get IBD or IBS, but digestive diseases are more common among adults. Six percent of middle school students and 14% of high school students report symptoms similar to IBS, but their symptoms may be linked to social anxiety.
Resources
- Types of inflammatory bowel disease in adults, NYU Langone Health
- IBD statistics, CDC
- The facts about inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation of America
- Irritable bowel syndrome, American College of Gastroenterology
- The epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome, Clinical Epidemiology
- Environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases, World Journal of Gastroenterology
- The best foods to eat and avoid for IBD, University Hospitals
- IBS, University of Michigan
- Exercise improve symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome, University of Gothenburg
- IBD and IBS similarities and differences, Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation of America
- FAQs about IBD, University of Michigan
Sources
- Types of inflammatory bowel disease, NYU Langone Health
- Prevalence of IBD, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention
- The facts about inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation of America
- Irritable bowel syndrome, American College of Gastroenterology
- The epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome, Clinical Epidemiology (2014)
- Genetics and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, Nature (2011)
- Sex-gender differences in irritable bowel syndrome, JNM Journal (2018)
- Vitamins, minerals & supplements, Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation of America
- Exercise improve symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome, ScienceDaily (2011)
- Inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome similarities and differences, Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation of America
- Frequently Asked Questions About Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), University of Michigan Health
- Ulcerative Colitis, The Mayo Clinic